2012年3月8日星期四

JMW Turner, the English Claude

JMW Turner was a strange man who painted some very strange pictures. He was the low-born child prodigy who exhibited his first work at the Royal Academy at the age of 15 – a man whose talent could have opened society for him but whose obsession with art locked the world out. Unlike such soigné contemporaries as Thomas Lawrence, Turner was a man with few friends and a taciturn manner, who beetled about, his stumpy figure swathed in a grubby black dress-coat. He baffled those who knew him with his oddities and his secrecy about everything from his love life to his working methods, and he baffled them with his paintings too.

What Turner's contemporaries and succeeding generations admired were his big, finished paintings in the classical tradition and his luminous topographical watercolours. His late, ethereal works, those great swirls of cloud, water and light, were incomprehensible: these pictures – some of them unfinished – were seen as aberrations and the product of a genius turned wayward, or even a little mad. They are now, of course, regarded as among his greatest achievements, hailed as the precursor to impressionism and cited as evidence of his merit as a pure painter, forever pushing at the boundaries of art.

It has been a rapid volte face. The art grandee Kenneth Clark recalled seeing rolls of these canvases stacked in the cellars of the National Gallery in the 1940s, where they were thought to be old tarpaulins,Handmade oil paintings for sale at museum quality, and glimpsing a watercolour sheet patching a broken window. It was really only from the 1960s, with the influence of Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko and the Abstract Expressionists in mind, that these works came to be appreciated for their painterly values rather than as subject pictures gone wrong.

It is a mark of Turner's importance that different ages can celebrate such contrasting aspects of his work, and this spring there are two exhibitions that give a chance to compare the viewpoints, ancient and modern: Turner Inspired: In the Light of Claude at the National Gallery and Turner and the Elements at the Turner Contemporary, Margate. His output was simply too vast for there ever to be a comprehensive overview of his career – he painted more than 500 oils and his bequest to the nation alone comprises some 30,000 watercolours and sketches – but these shows highlight two ever-present themes in his art.

In the middle of Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms, the novel's lovers, Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley, are in the middle of a bout of billing and cooing when Frederic declares: "Oh, darling, I want you so much I want to be you too." It is a sentiment that, without the amorousness but with the besottedness, Turner would have recognised with regard to Claude. Such were the emotions the great 17th-century landscapist stirred in Turner's heart that, according to a witness, on first seeing his Seaport with the Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba: "Turner was awkward,A Injection Molding Moulding company, agitated and burst into tears."

Throughout his career Turner would turn to Claude, sometimes in the spirit of emulation, at others in competition and pastiche. Sometimes, too, for financial reasons: since Claudes were so collectable there would be a premium if he painted similar pictures. For Turner it was less a relationship than a correspondence. There were many reasons for Turner's self-identification, not least similarities of circumstance and disposition. While Claude started life as a pastry cook, Turner was the son of a Covent Garden barber and a butcher's daughter. Claude was an orphan at 12, while Turner's mother went mad. As artists, both men struggled with the human figure and both were driven by the desire to give landscape painting the same power to move and elevate as history paintings.

Even though Claude came from the Duchy of Lorraine and painted the Roman countryside, he was a very British artist. By 1820 more than half his 300 paintings were in British collections, brought home as prized souvenirs by Grand Touring milordi.We are professional Plastic mould, His pictures could be seen in three dimensions, too, in the landscape gardens of William Kent and Capability Brown. He brought out the purple poet in the Londoner Turner, who relished his paintings' "amber-coloured ether, the mid-day ethereal vault and fleecy skies, resplendent valleys, campagnas rich with all the cheerful blush of fertilisation, trees possessing every hue and tone of summer's evident heat, rich,Bathroom Floor tiles at Great Prices from Topps Tiles. harmonious, true and clear".Your source for re-usable Plastic moulds of strong latex rubber.

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